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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean<br><br>In addition to learner-internal factors CLKs' understanding of pragmatic resistance and the relationship advantages they had access to were important. RIs from TS &amp; ZL, for example, cited their relationship with their local professor as the primary reason for their decision to stay clear of criticism of a strict professor (see examples 2).<br><br>This article examines all local pragmatic research on Korean published until 2020. It focuses on the most important practical issues, including:<br><br>Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs)<br><br>The test for discourse completion is a common tool in pragmatic research. It has many advantages, but also some disadvantages. For example it is that the DCT cannot take into account the cultural and individual differences in communicative behavior. The DCT can also be biased and result in overgeneralizations. As a result, it should be analyzed carefully before using it for research or assessment purposes.<br><br>Despite its limitations the DCT is a useful tool to investigate the connection between prosody, information structure, and non-native speakers. Its ability to manipulate social variables that affect politeness in two or more steps could be a plus. This ability can aid researchers study the role of prosody in communication across different cultural contexts, a key issue in cross-cultural pragmatics.<br><br>In the field of linguistics the DCT has become one of the most significant tools to analyze learners' behavior in communication. It can be used to investigate various issues, including manner of speaking,  [http://ezproxy.cityu.edu.hk/login?url=http://delphi.larsbo.org/user/sofastage8 프라그마틱 무료체험] turn-taking, and the use of lexical terms. It can be used to determine the level of phonological sophistication in learners in their speech.<br><br>Recent research has used an DCT as tool to evaluate the skills of refusal among EFL students. Participants were given various scenarios and were asked to choose the appropriate response from the options provided. The researchers found that the DCT was more effective than other refusal measures such as a questionnaire or video recordings. However, they cautioned that the DCT should be employed with caution and include other methods for collecting data.<br><br>DCTs can be designed using specific linguistic criteria,  [http://3.13.251.167/home.php?mod=space&uid=1219340 프라그마틱 무료] such as form and content. These criteria are based on intuition and based upon the assumptions of test creators. They may not be accurate and may misrepresent how ELF learners respond to requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for further investigation into alternative methods of measuring refusal competence.<br><br>A recent study compared DCT responses to requests made by students via email versus those obtained from an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs favored more direct and conventionally-indirect requests and utilized more hints than email data.<br><br>Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)<br><br>This study explored Chinese learners' decisions regarding their use of Korean using a variety of experimental tools, including Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs) Metapragmatic Questionnaires, Refusal Interviews (RIs). Participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate ability who provided responses to DCTs and MQs. They were also asked to reflect on their evaluation and refusal performances in RIs. The results indicated that the CLKs frequently chose to resist native Korean pragmatic norms,  [https://images.google.com.my/url?q=http://delphi.larsbo.org/user/robincomic47 프라그마틱 무료체험] 이미지, [https://www.98e.fun/space-uid-8821905.html Https://www.98E.fun], and their choices were influenced by four main factors such as their identities, their multilingual identities, ongoing life histories, and relationship affordances. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment.<br><br>The MQ data was first analyzed to identify the participants' practical choices. The data were classified according to Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared their selections with their linguistic performance using DCTs in order to determine if they are indicative of a pragmatic resistance. The interviewees were asked to explain their choices of behavior in a particular situation.<br><br>The results of the MQs,  [https://www.xuetu123.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=9684212 프라그마틱 슬롯 추천] DCTs and z-tests were examined using descriptive statistics and z tests. The CLKs were found to employ euphemistic phrases such as "sorry" or "thank you". This is likely due to their lack of familiarity with the target languages, which led to an insufficient knowledge of korean's pragmatic norms. The results showed that the CLKs' preferences for converging to L1 norms or diverging from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms varies according to the DCT situations. In the scenarios 3 and 12 CLKs favored diverging from both L1pragmatic norms - and L2-pragmatic norms while in Situation 14 CLKs favored convergence to L1 norms.<br><br>The RIs revealed that CLKs knew about their pragmatic resistance to each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one basis within two days of participants completing the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed, and then coded by two coders from different companies. Coding was an iterative process in which the coders read and discussed each transcript. The results of coding are compared with the original RI transcripts to determine whether they captured the underlying pragmatic behavior.<br><br>Interviews for refusal<br><br>One of the most important questions in pragmatic research is the reason why learners decide to rescind the pragmatic norms of native speakers. A recent study attempted to answer this question using a variety of experimental tools, such as DCTs MQs, DCTs, and RIs. The participants comprised 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs, and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. They were required to complete the DCTs in their first language and complete the MQs in either their L1 or their L2. Then they were invited to a RI where they were required to consider their responses to the DCT situations.<br><br>The results showed that on average, the CLKs disapproved of native-speaker pragmatic norms in over 40% of their responses. They did this even though they were able to create patterns that closely resembled native speakers. They were also aware of their pragmatism resistance. They attributed their decision to learner-internal variables such as their personality and multilingual identities. They also referred external factors, like relational benefits. For example, they described how their relationships with professors helped facilitate an easier performance in regards to the intercultural and linguistic standards of their university.<br><br>However, the interviewees expressed concerns about the social pressures and consequences that they could face if they flouted their local social norms. They were concerned that their native counterparts might view them as "foreignersand believe that they are incompetent. This was a concern similar to the concerns voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).<br><br>These results suggest that native-speaker practical norms are no longer the default preference of Korean learners. They could still be useful for official Korean proficiency testing. But it would be prudent for future researchers to revisit their usefulness in particular situations and in various contexts. This will help them better know how different cultures can affect the pragmatic behavior of L2 students in the classroom and beyond. This will also assist educators to create better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consultancy.<br><br>Case Studies<br><br>The case study method is an investigative strategy that employs participant-centered, in-depth investigations to explore a specific subject. It is a method that utilizes multiple data sources to support the findings, including interviews, observations, documents, and artifacts. This kind of investigation can be used to analyze unique or complex issues that are difficult to other methods to measure.<br><br>The first step in conducting a case study is to clearly define the subject and the objectives of the study. This will allow you to determine which aspects of the subject matter are crucial to study and which can be omitted. It is also helpful to study the literature that is relevant to the subject to gain a greater understanding of the subject and place the case study within a larger theoretical context.<br><br>This study was based on an open-source platform, the KMMLU Leaderboard [50], along with its benchmarks for Koreans, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the study showed that L2 Korean learners were highly susceptible to the influence of native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answers, which were literal interpretations. This was a deviance from a precise pragmatic inference. They also had a strong tendency to add their own text or "garbage," to their responses, further detracting from their quality of response.<br><br>Moreover, the participants of this case study were L2 Korean learners who had achieved level 4 in the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) at the end of their second or third year at university and were aiming for level 6 for their next test. They were required to answer questions about their WTC/SPCC as well as understanding and pragmatic awareness.<br><br>The interviewees were presented two situations, each involving an imaginary interaction with their co-workers and were asked to choose one of the following strategies to use when making a request. They were then asked to provide the reasoning behind their choice. The majority of participants attributed their pragmatic resistance to their personality. For example, TS claimed that she was difficult to talk to, and therefore was reluctant to inquire about her interactant's well-being with an intense workload despite the fact that she believed that native Koreans would ask.